History of the Korean Broadcasting Essays

History of the Korean Broadcasting Essays History of the Korean Broadcasting Paper History of the Korean Broadcasting Paper History of the Korean Broadcasting Early Stage(~1926) The first broadcasting of Korea was carried out by the Bureau of Post of the Chosun Trustee Government in 1924. At that time, the Bureau of Post acquired receiver and sender for the experimental broadcasting. The first experimental broadcasting was successful in November 1924 with 750 Kh/50W, and from 1925 on the Bureau of Post Wireless Laboratory broadcasted 4 times a week. the following year (1926) the Kyungsung Broadcasting Corporation was incorporated as a non-profit organization. Beginning(1927~1944) After a long period of experiments the formal broadcasting was launched in February 16, 1927, and the first wireless relay was introduced in June of the same year. From 1930 on, with the increase of power Two separate channels, one for Korean and one for Japanese, were installed. Jungdong Station was improved, and Yonhee Broadcasting Station was improved, and Yonhee Broadcasting Station was built. In 1933 the Yonhee Station sent two channels with the channel one in Japanese and the channel two in Korean. The original Kyungsung Broadcasting Corporation changed its name to the Kyungsung Central Broadcasting as a consequence of the expansion of the broadcasting network in 1935. In 1937, after two years, with the change of the frequency and increase of the power, the second broadcasting could be monitored countrywide by a simple receiver. Reshuffling and Reconstruction(1953~1960) Since the Korean independence and the Japanese surrender in the World War II, the second broadcasting has been changed to the first one with Korean language. After three years, in 1948 with establishment of the new government of the Republic of Korea, the Kyungsung Central Broadcasting was renamed to the National Broadcasting Corporation and operated under the auspices of the Ministry of Information. The Korean War in 1950 tumed the progress of the Korea Broadcasting System into a chaos. Despite the tumultuous experienced by the war, Korea became a regular member of the International Frequency Conference, and in 1952 became a member country of the ITU. During these tumultuous periods, the Chungjoo Broadcasting Station, Jeju Broadcasting Station and Namwon Broadcasting Station were newly opened. Growth(1961~1972) The Seoul International Broadcasting Center was established to promote gradually from the medium ware overseas broadcasting to the short wave. Along with this. new private broadcasting companies sprouted. In the religious sectors. the Christian Broadcasting System(CBS). International Gospels Broadcasting(HLKX). and in the commercial sectors, Busan Cultural Broadcasting(HLKV) were opened. Under the special settlement, the Army Broadcasting, United Nations Army Headquarters Broadcasting(VUNC), American Forces Korean Network(AFKN) were opened subsequently. During these periods, a new Television broadcasting appeared which hallmarked the technological breakthrough appeared which hallmarked the technological breakthrough in the broadcasting history. In 1956 Huang Tai Yong set up a private commercial television station(HLKZ-TV) by combining commercial concept with cultural aspects, but the HLKZ-TV had soon after a financial trouble and merged into the Daihan Broadcasting System. IN 1957 US Army opened AFKN-TV Transition(1973~1979) The Seoul International Broadcasting Center opened East South Asia Broadcasting in 1962, Vietnamese short wave Broadcasting 1964, German language broadcasting in 1961, Spanish language broadcasting in 1962. Finally the nationwide television broadcasting has been started with commercial advertisements. Meantime, Dong A Broadcasting(HLKJ), Dongyang Broadcasting(HlKC), TBCtelevision(HLCE), MBC Telvision(HLAC), and FM Station were born in these periods. In order to be a part of Satellite Communication Age, Korea participated in international relay via satellite in 1970. A typical example is to receive the Apollo 13 Moon Expedition through a communication satellite for 100 minutes. Transition(1973~1979) With television in full activity, the public KBS as well as the private broadcasting were in their zenith. Most important of all, the Korean Broadcasting Corporation was opened in March 3, 1973, and construction of a new broadcasting complex was under way in Youido, and the Complex was completed in March 1976. A historical broadcasting was lunched in November 1st. Overseas short wave broadcasting station was built in Kimje, and short wave transmission facilities were rapidly expanded. Internationally Korea received frequency band as well as orbit for the future satellite broadcasting. This became the landmark of satellite communication plans for DBS(Direct Broadcasting System). In 1974 Korea became a associate member of European Broadcasting Union(EBU). Maturity(1980~1990) Since 1980, one of the great transformation in Korean broadcasting history was to consolidate all the broadcasting companies under one umbrella. Under the recommendation of the Korean Broadcasting Association, the KBS took over all five private broadcasting companies consisting of TBS, DBS, Korea FM, Jonil Broadcasting, and Sohai Broadcasting. The Basic Press Control Act became effective in 1981, and the Broadcasting Commercial Advertisement Control Act was enacted. Experimental broadcasting of color television has been tested in December 1980, and in 1981 a new additional UHF channel for the high school educational broadcasting was taken over to form the Third Television Station. A new age of multiplex broadcasting was opened for the multi-sound broadcasting and the teletext broadcasting. Automation of transmission and relay was also accomplished. New broadcasting companies in this period were born including Seoul Broadcasting System(SBS), Education Broadcasting System(EBS), peace Broadcasting Company(PBS), Buddhist Broadcasting System(BBS), and Traffics Broadcasting System(TBS) with new FM stations. Future Broadcasting(1991~) It is difficult to predict what kind of course the future broadcasting will take, however we may imagine (1) the more diversified use of the existing broadcasting radiowave and (2) introduction of new media through research and development. New media in wireless system include AM Stereo Broadcasting, Satellite Broadcasting, and High Definition Television(HDTV), and in the cable system, videotext, teleconference, video information communication and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting(ISDB). In satellite broadcasting, Korea joined INTELSAT in 1967, and lunched its first Mugoonghua(Rose of Sharon, the korean national flower) satellite, and, from July 1st, 1996, entered domestic satellite broadcasting service. the next step is of course the HDTV. Inventions in Korean Broadcasting History Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) is a digital radio transmission technology developed in South Korea as part of the national IT project for sending multimedia such as TV, radio and datacasting to mobile devices such as mobile phones. This technology, sometimes known as mobile TV, should not be confused with Digital Audio Broadcasting which was developed as a research project for the European Union. DMB was originally developed in South Korea as the next generation digital technology to replace the FM radio. The worlds first official mobile TV service started in South Korea in May 2005, although trials were available much earlier. It can operate via satellite (S-DMB) or terrestrial (T-DMB) transmission. 3D Television (3DTV) A 3D television (3DTV) is a television set that employs techniques of 3D presentation, such as stereoscopic capture, multi-view capture, or 2D-plus-depth, and a 3D display – a special viewing device to project a television program into a realistic three-dimensional field. 3DTVs have been introduced in the markets by Panasonic, LG and Samsung. Major Broadcasting Companies in Korea KBS(Korea Broadcasting System_ Korea Broadcasting System is the oldest and biggest Broadcasting station in Korea. This public broadcasting network is best known for nightly newscasts and lavish historical dramas. KBS is a public organization that, by law, receives public funding from the Korean Government but is independently managed. As mentioned on the Korean Constitution, the president of KBS is recommended by its board of directors to the President of Korea. Political parties in Korea have the right to name members of the board of directors of KBS. Since the President of South Korea usually has leadership over the members of the ruling party, KBSs president is considered to be designated by the president of Korea. This procedure has incurred worries of political intervention in KBS governance and has led to many thinking that the current system of recruiting needs to be revised. SBS(Seoul Broadcasting Station) Seoul Broadcasting Station (SBS) KRX: 034120 is a national South Korean television and radio network. It is the only private commercial broadcaster with a wide regional Network to operate in the country. On March 17, 2009, the company legally became known as SBS, changing its corporate name from Seoul Broadcasting Station. ( ). Seoul Broadcasting Station is still commonly used today. SBS TV transmits on Channel 6 for Analog and Channel 16 for Digital. MBC(Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation) Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) is one of four major national South Korean television and radio networks. Munhwa is the Korean word for culture. Its flagship terrestrial television station is channel 11 on VHF in Seoul. Twice government-owned, the network is owned by the Foundation of Broadcast Culture (which owns 70% of the companys stock), while the Jung-Su Scholarship Foundation owns 30%. MBC receives no government subsidy, and derives its income almost entirely from commercial advertising. It has 19 regional stations, and 10 subsidiaries. The network evolved from Busan Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, the first private broadcasting corporation in the country. As of 2011, MBC has over 4,000 employees. It has provided terrestrial digital TV service in the ATSC format since 2001, and T-DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) service since 2005. EBS(Educational Broadcasting System) Educational Broadcasting System( ) or EBS is an educational television and radio network covering South Korean territory. EBS strives to supplement school education and promote lifelong education for everyone in Korea. Korean Drama Korean drama (Korean: ) refers to televised dramas, in a miniseries format, produced in the Korean language. Many of these dramas have become popular throughout Asia and have contributed to the general phenomenon of the Korean wave, known as Hallyu, and also Drama Fever in some countries. Most popular Korean dramas have also become popular in other parts of the world such as Latin America, the Middle East, and elsewhere. Some of the most internationally popular Korean dramas are Winter Sonata, Dae Jang Geum, Full House, Stairway to Heaven, My Girl, Love Story in Harvard, Autumn in My Heart, My Lovely Sam Soon, Delightful Girl Choon-hyang, Yi San, Boys Over Flowers, Youre Beautiful, Brilliant Legacy, Queen Seondeok, The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince, King of Baking, Kim Tak Goo, IRIS, Personal Preference, Secret Garden, Dream High and Athena: Goddess of War. King of Baking, Kim Tak Goo had hit an outstanding 50. 8 with its last episode on KBS. The genres that most internationally popular Korean dramas belong to are often romance, romantic comedy and historical dramas. An exception includes IRIS and Athena: Goddess of War, which are spy action thrillers. Most other Korean dramas popular throughout Asia or beyond are either romances, romantic comedies or historical. Popular Korean historical dramas almost all hold a serious tone, while Korean dramas with a modern setting have a balanced share of both serious and more lighthearted themes. Genre of Korean Drama There are two main genres of Korean dramas, generally speaking. The first genre is similar to soap operas but without the never ending plot and frank sexual content. These dramas typically involve conflicts such as single and marital relationships, money bargaining, relationships between in-laws (usually between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law), and often complicated love triangles while the female hero usually falls in love with the main character who may treat her badly since the beginning, instead of the one who always cares for her. These dramas last anywhere from 16 episodes to over 100 (most often not exceeding 200). Most plots of Korean soap operas are similar where a love triangle is always present. The other main genre is Korean historical dramas (also known as sa geuk), which are fictionalized dramatizations of Korean history. Korean historical dramas typically involve very complex story lines with elaborate costumes, sets and special effects. Martial arts, sword fighting and horsemanship are frequently a big component of Korean historical dramas as well. Korean dramas, whether the historical dramas or modern dramas, typically are characterized by excellent production quality, characters with depth, intelligent scriptwriting but largely relies on the use of archetypal characters. As they are designed as family entertainment to satisfy a broad audience, there are typically a combination of human interest story elements across most of the historical dramas interwoven themes of family, romance, friendship, martial arts, political strategy, wars, trade, etc. These stories are, therefore, usually of interest to all women and men, young and old. Entertainment Korean entertainment programs consist of four main genre: real variety, talent competition, comedy show, talk show and music concert. Especially, real variety show is the trend in Korean broadcasting industry. KBS, MBC and SBS, three major broadcasting companies, are competing with one another with their real variety shows. Happy Sunday Happy Sunday (Korean: ) is a Korean reality-variety show shown on the KBS2 network, which competes directly against MBCs Sunday Sunday Night and SBSs Good Sunday line-up. It consist of two segments: 1 Night and 2 Days and Qualifying Men. In the segment called 1 Night and 2 Days, hosted by Kang Ho Dong, the members go on an overnight trip to various places of interest in Korea. The aim of the segment is to recommend holiday destinations to its viewers. Qualifying Men is a show where a group of mostly middle-aged male celebrities try to complete missions (deemed to be of a quality required of a qualifying man) given by the Producer or sometimes thought of by the members. Infinite Challenge Infinite Challenge (Muhan Dojeon in Korean) is a Korean television entertainment program, distributed and syndicated by MBC. As of June and July 2009, it still has the largest market share for its timeslot, between 13. 8 percent and 19. 7 percent of Korean television viewers watched Muhan Dojeon at 6:40 PM every Saturday night. This makes it the top free-to-air television program on Saturday evening, and also the most viewed non-drama program in South Korea every week (excluding special sporting events, since November 2006, with the exception of January 2009, (April and May 2010). It has kept the same scheduled time, since first airing in 2005. Since 2009, it lasts for roughly 70 minutes, excluding ten minutes of advertising. Episodes are also frequently rerun on several Korean cable broadcasting channels. Since February 19, 2011 (237th episode), this programme has been aired with High Definition(HD). Good Sunday Good Sunday (Korean: ) is a South Korean reality-variety show shown on the SBS network, which competes directly against MBCs Our Sunday Night and KBS2s Happy Sunday line-up. Running Man and Kim Yu-na’s Kiss and Cry are aired in this program. Running Man (Korean: ) was first broadcast on July 11, 2010. This show is classified as an urban action variety; a never-before-seen new genre of variety shows. The MCs and guests play games and carry out missions in the landmark, and are required to win missions to earn Running Balls. The team with Running Balls will win, while the losing team will be punished. Kim Yu-nas Kiss Cry is a new survival audition program featuring champion figure skater, Kim Yu-na. Ten celebrities and ten professional skaters will form couples and challenge each other in figure skating to become the winning team, who will be performing with Kim Yu-na at a special ice show in August.

Understanding Relative Frequency Histograms

Understanding Relative Frequency Histograms In statistics, there are many terms that have subtle distinctions between them. One example of this is the difference between frequency and relative frequency. Although there are many uses for relative frequencies, there is one in particular that involves a relative frequency histogram. This is a type of graph that has connections to other topics in statistics and mathematical statistics. Definition Histograms are statistical graphs that look like bar graphs. Typically, however, the term histogram is reserved for quantitative variables. The horizontal axis of a histogram is a number line containing classes or bins of uniform length. These bins are intervals of a number line where data can fall and can consist of a single number (typically for discrete data sets that are relatively small) or a range of values (for larger discrete data sets and continuous data). For example, we may be interested in considering the distribution of scores on a 50 point quiz for a class of students. One possible way to construct the bins would be to have a different bin for every 10 points. The vertical axis of a histogram represents the count or frequency that a data value occurs in each of the bins. The higher the bar is, the more data values fall into this range of bin values. To return to our example, if we there are five students who scored more than 40 points on the quiz, then the bar corresponding to the 40 to 50 bin will be five units high. Frequency Histogram Comparison A relative frequency histogram is a minor modification of a typical frequency histogram. Rather than using a vertical axis for the count of data values that fall into a given bin, we use this axis to represent the overall proportion of data values that fall into this bin. Since 100% 1, all bars must have a height from 0 to 1. Furthermore, the heights of all of the bars in our relative frequency histogram must sum to 1. Thus, in the running example that we have been looking at, suppose that there are 25 students in our class and five have scored more than 40 points. Rather than constructing a bar of height five for this bin, we would have a bar of height 5/25 0.2. Comparing a histogram to a relative frequency histogram, each with the same bins, we will notice something. The overall shape of the histograms will be identical. A relative frequency histogram does not emphasize the overall counts in each bin.  Instead, this type of graph focuses on how the number of data values in the bin relates to the other bins.  The way that it shows this relationship is by percentages of the total number of data values. Probability Mass Functions We may wonder what the point is in defining a relative frequency histogram. One key application pertains to discrete random variables where our bins are of width one and are centered about each nonnegative integer. In this case, we can define a piecewise function with values corresponding to the vertical heights of the bars in our relative frequency histogram. This type of function is called a probability mass function. The reason for constructing the function in this way is that the curve that is defined by the function has a direct connection to probability. The area underneath the curve from the values a to b is the probability that the random variable has a value from a to b. The connection between probability and area under the curve is one that shows up repeatedly in mathematical statistics. Using a probability mass function to model a relative frequency histogram is another such connection.

Need of a Salesperson to Push Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Need of a Salesperson to Push Products - Essay Example To attain this strategic objective, the sales team has to use a collection of promotional techniques such as publicity, advertising, and creation of sales channels that are new to both the existing and new market ventures. It is usually the duty of the salespeople to determine the needs of the customer and use his experience and professional ability to feel what the customer needs. Good salespeople are those that think beyond the monetary aspect of the deal and take the issue to personal levels. His objectives are supposed to be motivated by both success and failure because, according to Breakenridge (2012), salespeople only make 20% of all their effort in a common market. The situation may be tougher in a new market and simpler in a market dominated by the advertised products. Salespeople are also expected to have the capability of learning the connectedness needs, development needs, problem-solving abilities in which case these will enhance consumer ability to access and use the go ods effectively. Consumer loyalty comes from customer satisfaction. Continued purchase relies on delivering well-being. Salespeople, therefore, ought to have the relevant knowledge or an orientation based on the hands-on experience and practice. Poon and Fatt (2000) contend that salespeople with a learning orientation based on practice and experience perform better. Increased sales are based on this experience and ability to perform better in the marketplace. Therefore, the knowledge and experience give the consumer in-depth explanation of the goods available for sale. The relationships between business and the customers are built by the salespeople in the market. Through relations, salespeople have the ability to secure contracts for the companies that they work for. Salespeople also help customers to think differently about companies and the companies’ products.

Business improvement and creativity for PUMA company Essay

Business improvement and creativity for PUMA company - Essay Example The PUMA company owns the brands Tretorn, Cobra Golf and the brand PUMA. The company, which was incepted in 1948 distributes its services in over 120 countries, staffs more than 11000 workers and has headquarters in Hong Kong, Boston and Herzogenaurach in Germany. This paper applies Kotter’s 8 Stage Change Model approach to summarize business improvements of PUMA Company. A focused and informative analysis of the theory is done with the aid of a diagram analysis. The analysis of the theory is based on its weaknesses and strengths and case analysis of PUMA organization. Challenges, impact sustainability, resistance, current strategy, turnover, profit and audit are key points discussed in the paper in respect to PUMA’s case study. Finally, the paper provides recommendations in view of what the company should do to support sustained improvement and success. Focused and Informative Theory Analysis Kotter’s 8 Stage Change Model: Step one of this model stresses on the need to create urgency. In order for change to occur, in an organization, the entire management must embrace the change (Schacter, 2002). Developing a sense of urgency around the needed anticipated change helps in sparkling the motivation to have things done (Katzenbach and Smith, 1993). This step encompasses identifying potential threats and developing scenarios, which indicate what, is likely to happen in the future, examining opportunities to be exploited, requesting support from customers, and stakeholders and providing dynamics and reasons to get people thinking and talking. In order for the change to be effective, 75 percent of the management need buy into the idea. Therefore, significant energy and time is required for building urgency prior moving to the next stage. Stage two is the form of a powerful coalition, which involves convincing participants that change is necessary. This point requires visible and strong leadership from senior people within the organization. Tom (1 982) argues that to effect change, bringing together influential people or a coalition from various professions remains critical. After the formation of the coalition, it should operate as a team by continuing to build momentum and urgency around the need for change (Hersey and Blanchard, 1977). Step three demands creation of a vision necessary for change. Solutions and great ideas should be linked to an overall vision, which people can easily remember and understand (Madaza and Agere, 1999). A central vision helps members to understand the importance of their contribution (Deal and Kennedy, 1982). The leaders should therefore establish the values, which are crucial to the change, develop a summary, which captures the organization’s vision, practice the vision speech, create a strategy to implement the vision and ascertain the member fully comprehend the vision. Stage four is centered on communicating the vision. Communicating the vision frequently is indispensable at the sli ghtest opportunity that arises (Hammer and Stanton, 1995). The newly created vision should be applied daily to solve problems and when making decisions. This helps member to remember to the contents of the vision and apply in their departments. For the leaders, walking the talk is critical in demonstrating

Religious participation and religious organisations Essay Example for Free

Religious participation and religious organisations Essay While it is difficult to know precisely whether or not religious beliefs differ in relation to males and females, it is evident that religious practice and participation does show relatively clear gender differences. This is true across all forms of religious organisation. Almost two-thirds of churchgoers are women. However, as with social factors like class and age, it is clear that there is no overall pattern of male / female religious attendance, since there are evident differences between denominations. For example: For the Anglican Church, the male to female ratio is approximately half and half. For all Christian churches the male female ratio is approximately twenty to eighty percent. While women are more likely than men to be involved in religious organisations, it is relatively clear that, in hierarchical terms, men tend to dominate the most significant positions in any religious organisation. This tends to hold true across the majority of the worlds major religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. In most religions, women tend to be portrayed in terms of their traditional social characteristics. The Virgin Mary in Christian religion is a good example here. Although a powerful figure as the Mother of Christ, her power, is ideological rather than political, the virtues of purity, chastity, motherhood and so forth are personified through her as ideals for womanhood. In relation to non-Christian religions, Giddens Sociology notes: Females appear as important figures in the teachings of some Buddhist ordersbut on the whole Buddhism, like Christianity, is an overwhelmingly male-created institution dominated by a patriarchal power structure in which the feminine is most closely associated with the secular, powerless, profane and imperfect.. An obvious example drawn from Christianity might be Mankinds expulsion from the Garden of Eden, the result of female duplicity. According to the book of Genesis, God first created man. Woman was not only  an afterthought, but an amenity. For close on two thousand years this Holy Scripture was believed to justify her subordination and explain her inferiority for even as a copy she was not a very good copy, there were differences. She was not one of his best efforts. While women, as has been noted above, feature strongly in both religious participation and, to a certain extent, imagery, it is evident that there has tended to be a very marked inequality between males and females in terms of positions of power and authority within religious organisations. Although some sects have allowed women to preach and teach, the majority of the worlds major religions have tended to relegate women to relatively minor roles in their organisation. In relation to Christianity, the decision, in November 1992 by the Church of England to ordain women as priests is a significant development to note. This decision was not taken lightly and has lead to a great deal of conflict within the Church. While the Church of England has traditionally been more liberal regarding the position of women within its organisation, the Roman Catholic Church has resisted pressure to ordain women, tending to fall back upon the argument that to do so would be blasphemous. Christ ordained twelve disciples, none of whom were women, therefore, women should not be allowed to be ordained. Once again, within a wide variety of sects, women tend, in the main, not to feature in the highly at the top of organisational hierarchies, although there are exceptions to this general rule. The diversity of sects perhaps makes it difficult to generalise about participation along gender lines. However, given that women tend to become involved in all types of religious activity with greater frequency than men, there is little reason to suppose that, in broad terms, sect membership does not conform to this norm. If it is difficult to estimate the numbers involved with New Age cults, it is doubly difficult to estimate with any degree of certainty the ration of male to female involvement. The private sphere of cult activity relates to traditional forms of gender roles for women, motherhood, the home, and child  rearing. New Age philosophy contrasts the concept of Nature unfavourably with a modern technological world, which tends to be characterised as masculine. Historically, where concepts of Nature have been employed, the role of women has tended to be seen in terms of their essential femininity; that is, as naturally different creatures to males, more attuned to the supposed natural rhythms of life and so forth. Thus, within New Age cults, women tend to be afforded a much higher status than men in terms of the various philosophies on which these cults are based, which is one reason that explains higher female involvement.

The Impact Of Televison On Behavior :: essays research papers

The Impact Of Televison On Behavior (Violence in television programs and movies and its impact on children and families is not a new topic. Almost 30 years ago the U.S. Surgeon General warned Americans about the negative effect of television have on the emotions and behaviours of children.) I just want to continue viewing our standpoints regarding the negative effect it has on society Talkshows "Husband Sees Prostitute," "Mistress Meets Wife," "Girl Sleeps with Over 100 Men," "My Girlfriend is a Guy," "Teenage Prostitution," "Maid-of-Honor Slept with Girl One Week Before Wedding," Commonly Jerry Springer topics! Why are people fascinated with such topics? What says it of our society? The biggest problem is that the behaviours are depicted are common, sensible, and, perhaps, even worth copying. Approximately six percent of daytime talk show viewers are under 11. Shows like Springer's according to a New York Times journalist cause violence in society and argued that the source of the problem lies in the insatiable lust of the audience for more and more gory violence. The only way to stop violence on television---either on the news or on Springer-type shows--is to cut the demand for it, thereby removing the profit. Television news, due primarily to its obsession with crime and violence, definitely has a negative impact upon our society. TV news broadcasts use dramatic, usually violent stories and images to capture and maintain an audience, under the pretence of keeping it informed. This overabundance of crime and violence on TV news inflate the public's fears for personal safety. People, for the most part, believe that TV news is an accurate reflection of reality. They become frightened of the cities they live in, and fear that criminals will harm them or their loved ones. Graphic coverage of wars, bombings, murders and natural disasters can quite possibly lead to nightmares or even depression. Research tells us the following about children and television: †¢ School-age children watch an average of 28 hours of television per week. †¢ Children are influenced by advertisements. They want what they see. †¢ Over 50 percent of children have a TV in their bedroom. †¢ Children who watch a lot of TV are more overweight than other children. †¢ Children under 2 years old: no TV (or other media, such as computers or videos) †¢ Children over 2 years old: maximum of 1 to 2 hours of TV (and other media) per day According to experts, children who watch too much TV tend to be less interested in physical activity, often develop verbal skills more slowly and tend to be less confident in social situations.

Aristotle & Mill on Capital Punishment

Aristotle & Mill’s Opinion on Capital Punishment Brianna Lelli Hugh Miller Paper #2 Topic #4 October 17th 2011 Capital Punishment is a moral controversy in today’s society. It is the judicial execution of criminals judged guilty of capital offenses by the state, or in other words, the death penalty. The first established death penalty laws can date back to the Eighteenth Century B. C. and the ethical debates towards this issue have existed just as long. There is a constant pro-con debate about this issue, and philosophers like Aristotle and Mill have their own take on this controversy as well.Aristotle is against capital punishment, while Mill believes it is morally permissible. Let me start off with Aristotle. In the Nicomachean Ethics book there isn’t a chapter dedicated to his position on capital punishment, but as a whole, we get an idea of his position against it. For example when he says, â€Å"every state of soul is naturally related to and about whatever naturally makes it better or worse; and pleasures and pains make people base, from pursuing and avoiding the wrong ones, at the wrong time, in the wrong ways, or whatever other distinctions of that sort are needed in an account.These bad effects of pleasure and pain are the reason why people actually define the virtues as ways of being unaffected and undisturbed by pleasures and pains. †(Book 2, 3. 11) Aristotle knows it’s in people’s nature to know right from wrong, and people strive to be virtuous because that is the highest good. Virtuous actions are what people strive for, however they sometimes do the opposite. These actions are called â€Å"vices† which can basically fall into the same category as â€Å"capital crimes† or â€Å"capital offenses† which are the crimes that can be penalized by death.Aristotle believes that no matter how terrible a person acts, they have the potential to overcome it and become virtuous. Everybody has the c apacity to do well and achieve happiness according to Aristotle. People achieve this happiness through their actions and decisions, and we make these decisions by reasoning. Aristotle’s beliefs about human character are almost down to a science. Everything we do has a reason why, and every living being has the capacity to reason. Some people reason to be virtuous but others are vicious and commit crimes such as rape, murder, and treason, ect.Aristotle believes in punishing these heinous crimes, but more importantly, reforming those who commit these offenses through corrective treatments. He believes that since everybody has the capacity to be virtuous, that everybody has the capacity to reason and reform from mistakes. Aristotle would hate to see a person with such potential in life be sentenced to death just because of a bad mistake. He believes the one who did the crime still has a value in society and does not deserve to die.In accordance to Aristotle’s ethics, it w ould never be morally permissible to kill somebody who still has potential to be virtuous, no matter what circumstance. Aristotle believes vicious acts should be punished with fair and equal penalties. He has a whole theory on justice, which is where we get the basis of his ideas towards capital punishment. In his opinion, the death penalty can never be thought of as morally permissible because it is immoral, unconstitutional, and irrevocable. John Stuart Mill, on the other hand, does not share this belief.He is in support of the death penalty for multiple reasons. A major topic Mill focuses on is human nature. He believes all humans know the difference between what’s right and what’s wrong, but he thinks it’s in human’s nature to want to sin and break the law. People want to break the law just because it’s there. That is part of being a human. Sinning is the wrong thing to do, while the right thing to do is whatever produces the most good. Whether people chose to sin or strive for ultimate ends of pleasure, they will be rewarded or punished for their decisions.In Mill’s Utilitarianism, he says â€Å"With many, the test of justice in penal infliction is that the punishment should be proportioned to the offence; meaning that it should be exactly measured by the moral guilt of the culprit (whatever be their standard for measuring moral guilt): the consideration, what amount of punishment is necessary to deter from the offence, having nothing to do with the question of justice, in their estimation. † (IV, 49) Which basically means that the punishment must fit the crime.Mill has an â€Å"eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth† standpoint. If a person commits a terrible crime, they are nowhere near reaching a desirable end, nor do they have capacity to be virtuous, as Aristotle would say. If somebody is guilty of murder, then life in jail is too mild of a punishment for the crime he committed. It goes the othe r way around too. If somebody is guilty of theft, then life in jail may be too hard of a punishment for that particular crime. Mill believes the only efficient punishment is one that is exactly equal to the crime.He doesn’t think a murderer should be allowed to live on with the potential to murder again. Another thing Mill focuses on is general responses among a society. He believes the only way to find desirable pleasure is to ask people and get a general response. So if you asked the family of a murder victim what they would like to see happen to the murderer, a probable general response would be to have him sentenced to death as well, and that is exactly what should happen. We know that Aristotle would oppose capital punishment and Mill is in support of it.Neither Aristotle nor Mill is right or wrong, both their idea’s are just opinions of what is morally permissible. The thing about â€Å"morals† is that they can mean something different to everybody. They a ren’t a part of human nature; morals are brought up through experience and surroundings. Aristotle and Mill lived in very different times. Perhaps Mill had a personal experience where he dealt with proper punishment, which could have shaped what he felt was fair or moral. The same can be said for Aristotle. Even today, the debate about capital punishment exists.Many factors go into people’s side of the argument they’re on. Almost any argument can be shifted to support each side of the capital punishment debate. So you have to consider what was important in society during Aristotle’s lifetime around 330 B. C. and Mill’s lifetime in the late 1800’s. It’d be quite shocking if the two philosophers shared beliefs on this side since they are from two completely different worlds. Another thing to consider is the definition of â€Å"morally permissible†, because permissible doesn’t always mean right.For instance, just because Mi ll believes it’s morally permissible to have capital punishment, that doesn’t necessarily mean he would kill every person he felt did something vicious. Neither Aristotle nor Mill is right or wrong, they just based their morals on their experiences. Aristotle’s main concern is virtue, and if a person has capacity to be virtuous, their life should never be ended no matter the circumstance, whether they’re ill, old, handicapped, or even vicious. Mill has the eye for an eye stand point and feels all punishment should fit the crime equally.In today’s society we see a little bit of both Aristotle and Mill’s theories when it comes to capital punishment. It is not typically our method of punishment in our time, however it does exist if the crime is serious enough. Personally, I agree with Mill more on this issue, just because I think it’s fair to get appropriate punishment, but like I said, it all comes down to the morals of the individual. What happens in the world around us shapes our values and morals. Opinions are never wrong, and neither are morals.

Jason Salfi

In which category (or categories) would you place Jason Salfi as an entrepreneur? Why? Give examples. Which of the traditional do you believe best describe Jason Salfi? Why? In the video Jason Salfi started his journey by making and selling his skateboards to his friends and local patriots. At that time Jason Salfi showed obvious signs of a classic entrepreneur. With his growing family Salfi became a lifestyle entrepreneur to gain control over his life and with the passion for skateboards this was pure satisfaction to Jason.When making his skateboard Salfi realized that skateboards were accounting for approximately 40 percent of the natural maple being harvest each year. The products that were used to produce the boards where made with several layers of maple and sprayed with a lacquer based coat, Jason knew there had to be an alternate way to build a durable skateboard. (WILES) After discovering an environmental friendly way to produce his product he sought to make an company that w ould make an imprint on the use of natural resources.With that said Jason Safi then became a social entrepreneur: he recognizes a societal problem and used his previous business principle to develop innovative solutions. Social entrepreneurs are forerunners of modernizations that benefit humanity. If he would develop an additional business following the success of his current business Comet Skateboards then at that time he could add serial entrepreneurship to his many titles.As Comet Skateboards reaches the next level of growth, where might the firm have the best chance of obtaining further financing? Why? It’s so important to differentiate an established business and an newly start up business because funding for an seasoned business is extremely easier to come by. Being that Comet Skateboards is now established and reached the next level of growth for the company debt financing would a convenient method to obtain additional financing.Debt financing is when money is borrowed and it must be paid back. This could be through private investors loans from banks, finance companies, credit card companies, and family or friends are all sources of this method of financing. The Small Business Administration recommends finding alternative methods of funding other than personal credit cards because this source of funding is so expensive. (KURTZ) Reflect on a basic needed service or product in your  immediate community (or someone else’s) and discuss how it can benefit.This can be a large or small, expensive or inexpensive product or service. In my community it’s a dire need for community base organization for our youth Its so many unnecessary crimes being committed by our youth with too much time on their hands †¦ Senseless murders and petty crimes seems to be the way our youth entertain themselves †¦ Ignorance is bliss..I firmly believe that If we had organization that allowed the youth to come together and developing social skills to th rive with in society our crime rate would drastically decline. In today’s world we are more connected than ever due to the internet but we are more disconnected with face to face connections. We need to have a business focused on our youth. We have everything else. This can start as a small inexpensive service it needs only a building and a passionate individual to start the business or should I say movement.

Adverb of Emphasis - Definition and Examples

Adverb of Emphasis s In English grammar, adverb of emphasis is  a traditional term for an intensifier  used to give added force or a greater degree of certainty to another word in a sentence or to the sentence as a whole. Also called an emphasizer and an  emphasizing adverb. Common adverbs of emphasis include absolutely,  certainly, clearly, definitely, naturally, obviously, positively, really, simply, and undoubtedly. In The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Bas Aarts et al. point out that [o]nly some grammatical models subdivide adverbs with this level of semantic detail.  Ã‚   Examples and Observations I was flat broke and the rent was due. Clearly I needed to find a job.Hes tapping my phone, he said to Celia indignantly. I definitely heard it. Definitely.(Lawrence Sanders, The First Deadly Sin.  G. P. Putnams Sons, 1973) I hadnt the slightest hesitation in saying: For sure! Tell the manabsolutely! Absolutely! Of course!(Joey Tallon in Call Me the Breeze, a novel by Patrick McCabe, 2003) In Stamps the segregation  was so complete that most Black children didnt really, absolutely know what whites looked like.(Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969Deterrence, obviously, is one of the aims of punishment, but it is surely not the only one. On the contrary, there are at least half a dozen, and some are probably quite as important.(H.L. Mencken, The Penalty of Death At the door of the kitchen she said, You never finish your lunch. You run around senselessly. What will become of you?Then she died.Naturally for the rest of my life I longed to  see her, n ot only in doorways, in a great number of places- in the dining room with my aunts, at the window looking up and down the block, in the country garden among zinnias and marigolds, in the living room with my father.(Grace Paley, Mother.  Later the Same Day. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1985) Theoretically, of course, one ought always to try for the best word. But practically, the habit of excessive care in word-selection frequently results in loss of spontaneity.(Francis Thompson, qtd. by Arthur Quiller-Couch in Murder Your Darlings)Everything beginning at Blake Avenue  would always wear for me some delightful strangeness and mildness, simply because it was not of my block, the block,  where the clang  of your head sounded against the pavement when you fell in a fist fight, and the rows of store-lights on each side were pitiless, watching you.(Alfred Kazin, A Walker in the City. Harcourt Brace, 1951 There is undoubtedly a sensation in traveling into foreign parts that is to be had nowhere else; but it is more pleasing at the time than lasting.(William Hazlitt, On Going a Journey Fallacies You can spot ​discourses that beg the question by looking for such words as obviously, of course, and really. Any defense lawyer would immediately leap up and say, Objection! if the prosecution were to say to the jury, Obviously, she is guilty. (Edward P. J. Corbett and Rosa A. Eberly, The Elements of Reasoning. Allyn and Bacon, 2000)

The Biography of Francisco Morazan

The Biography of Francisco Morazan Jose Francisco Morazan Quezada (1792-1842) was a politician and general who ruled parts of Central America at different times during the turbulent period from 1827 to 1842. He was a strong leader and visionary who attempted to unite the different Central American countries into one large nation. His liberal, anti-clerical politics made him some powerful enemies, and his period of rule was marked by bitter infighting between liberals and conservatives. Early Life Morazan was born in Tegucigalpa  in present-day Honduras in 1792, during the waning years of Spanish colonial rule. The was the son of an upper-class Creole family and entered the military at a young age. He soon distinguished himself for his bravery and charisma. He was tall for his era, about 5  feet 10 inches, and intelligent, and his natural leadership skills easily attracted followers. He became involved in local politics early, enlisting as a volunteer to oppose Mexico’s annexation of Central America in 1821. A United Central America Mexico suffered some severe internal upheavals in the first years of independence, and in 1823 Central America was able to break away. The decision was made to unify all of Central America as one nation, with the capital in Guatemala City. It was made up of five states: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In 1824, liberal Jose Manuel Arce was elected president, but he soon switched sides and supported the conservative ideals of a strong central government with firm ties to the church. At War The ideological conflict between liberals and conservatives had long been simmering and finally boiled over when Arce sent troops to rebellious Honduras. Morazan led the defense in Honduras, but he was defeated and captured. He escaped and was put him in charge of a small army in Nicaragua. The army marched on Honduras and captured it at the legendary Battle of La Trinidad on Nov. 11, 1827. Morazan was now the liberal leader with the highest profile in Central America, and in 1830 he was elected to serve as president of the Federal Republic of Central America. Morazan in Power Morazan enacted liberal reforms in the new Federal Republic of Central America, including freedom of the press, speech, and religion. He limited church power by making marriage secular and abolishing government-aided tithing. Eventually, he was forced to expel many clerics from the country. This liberalism made him the implacable enemy of the conservatives, who preferred to keep the old colonial power structures, including close ties between church and state. He moved the capital to San Salvador, El Salvador, in 1834 and was re-elected in 1835. At War Again Conservatives would occasionally take up arms in different parts of the nation, but Morazan’s grip on power was firm until late 1837 when Rafael Carrera led an uprising in eastern Guatemala. An illiterate pig farmer, Carrera was nevertheless a clever, charismatic leader and relentless adversary. Unlike previous conservatives, he was able to rally the generally apathetic Guatemalan Native Americans to his side, and his horde of irregular soldiers armed with machetes, flintlock muskets, and clubs proved hard for Morazan to put down. Defeat and Collapse of the Republic As news of the successes of Carrera came to them, conservatives all over Central America took heart and decided that the time was right to strike against Morazan. Morazan was a skilled field general, and he defeated a much larger force at the battle of San Pedro Perulapan in 1839. By then, however, the republic had irrevocably fractured, and Morazan only effectively ruled El Salvador, Costa Rica and a few isolated pockets of loyal subjects. Nicaragua was the first to officially secede from the union, on Nov. 5, 1838. Honduras and Costa Rica quickly followed. Exile in Colombia Morazan was a skilled soldier, but his army was shrinking while that of the conservatives was growing, and in 1840 came the inevitable result: Carrera’s forces finally defeated Morazan, who was forced to go into exile in Colombia. While there, he wrote an open letter to the people of Central America in which he explained why the republic was defeated and laments that Carrera and the conservatives never tried to really understand his agenda. Costa Rica In 1842 he was lured out of exile by Costa Rican Gen. Vicente Villasenor, who was leading a revolt against conservative Costa Rican dictator Braulio Carrillo and had him on the ropes. Morazan joined Villasenor, and together they finished the job of ousting Carrillo: Morazan was named president. He intended to use Costa Rica as the center of a new Central American republic. But the Costa Ricans turned on him, and he and Villasenor were executed on Sept. 15, 1842. His final words were to his friend Villasenor: â€Å"Dear friend, posterity will do us justice.† Legacy of Francisco Morazan Morazan was correct: Posterity has been kind to him and his dear friend Villasenor. Morazan is today seen as a visionary, progressive leader and able commander who fought to keep Central America together. In this, he is sort of the Central American version of Simon Bolà ­var, and there is more than a little in common between the two men. Since 1840, Central America has been fractured, divided into tiny, weak nations vulnerable to wars, exploitation, and dictatorships. The failure of the republic to last was a defining point in Central American history. Had it stayed united, the Republic of Central America might well be a formidable nation, on an economic and political par with, say, Colombia or Ecuador. As it is, however, it is a region of little world importance whose history is most often tragic. The dream is not dead, however. Attempts were made in 1852, 1886 and 1921 to unite the region, although all of these attempts failed. Morazans name is invoked anytime there is talk of reunification. Morazan is honored in Honduras and El Salvador, where there are provinces named after him, as well as any number of parks, streets, schools, and businesses.

Evaluation of Canons Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evaluation of Canons Strategies - Essay Example This mixture demands continuous and effective flow of information and the ability to adapt to change. All members of the company should be involved and strategy, when needed, needs to be changed accordingly. Robust measurement of strategic competences is critical. Canon has applied strategic planning since 1957. The strategic approach to achieving top market position involved everyone and there was a careful planning of the resources needed in order to achieve the market position. Canon has focused on the photocopying market in the beginning and it has focused on niche marketing i.e. producing small photocopiers. It has in parallel, developed new technology. Starting from photocopiers, Canon has developed since then core competencies in printers, scanners etc. The company emphasized customer satisfaction and it is customer oriented. Based on customer satisfaction, it has developed its growth plan which is called â€Å"Excellent Global Corporation Plan†. In this plan, the goal of Canon is clearly stated i.e. top share and profitable operations. The strategic planning process involved: highly automated manufacturing plant, high –technology products and synergy. So, the structure of Canon’s strategic plan was the following: the centre set the long-term strategy whereas the business units (product divisions) implement medium-term planning acting always within the constraints placed by the centre. Crisis management and contingency planning were important in Canon’s strategic process since the company wanted to be prepared in case of adverse events. These various plans were consolidated by the centre. Each business unit/division prepares its own budget, these budgets are gathered and then the centre prepares short-term plans. The company culture is quite distinctive: people are encouraged to talk and debate. The emphasis on people is shown in the objectives of Canon for the years 2001-05 among other objectives such as product leadership, development of R&D and strong financial position.  Ã‚